**the last two will be added later..**
1. What has changed in the gallery art world that allows Barney to describe his work as “sculpture”? In other words, how has the definition of sculpture changed since the 1960s, and why?
Since the 1960s, sculpture has become a much broader term. Rather than simply an object made of clay or plaster ect, sculpture now defined many facets of art, such as media based art and architecture. Sculpture has given birth to performance art, which has destabilized the sculpture as an object. This is also a claim that his films rest in high art (gallery art/sculptures) rather than low art (blockbuster film).
2. Tricky but important question: Why was minimalist sculpture seen as a reaction against the “modernist hymns to the purity and specificity of aesthetic experience.” Hint: Do not confuse this with our discussion of structural / minimal film as modernist; they are essentially saying that minimalist sculpture is post-modernist.
Minimalist sculpture was seen as a reaction against the "modernist hymns.." because it brought the viewer back into importance in the artistic process. The viewer was forced to discover the meaning of the piece for themselves, which means that for every person it was unique.
3. Describe the role of the body in the works of Vito Acconci and Chris Burden.
Acconci used his body to create art. He hid his body from view while he masturbated, and the sounds he made were considered his art. Burden used his body to create a performance, but in a completely different way - he was a precursor to JackAss, in which he did stupid things to hurt (or potentially hurt) himself in order to create entertainment.
4. What do the authors mean when they say that Cremaster’s “genealogy in endurance works has a dual articulation”? What are the two influences?
The two influences are Burden or Abramovic, who used endurance as a physically grueling issue for themselves; and Warhol or Girono, who used endurance as a means or testing and exhausting the audience.
5. In the opinion of the authors, what are the key differences between performance art of the1960s/1970s and Barney’s Cremaster cycle?
Performance art of the 60s/70s set up a tension between the event happening and the changes it goes through as time passes, forcing the audience to think about the body, its actions and reactions. In contrast, Barney uses spectacular stunts and actions so that performance is no longer simply about the body and its reactions but about the body and what it is capable of.
1. What are the so-called two worlds of film art that Walley intends to describe in this article? What is the basic difference between the two?
The two film worlds are Avant Garde or experimental film and film words made for gallery exhibition, or Artists' film/Projected Image Art. The difference is that avant garde filmmakers are making films deliberately and exclusively, while gallery exhibition films are being made in accompaniment to other art forms, and the artists typically don't even consider themselves filmmakers.
